Hypoplasia of the vertebral artery (VA) is rare, and incidentally encountered in radiological imaging techniques. During routine activities in the Laboratory of Human Anatomy from University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil, it was observed a 70 years old male cadaver with hypoplasia of the right VA. Thus, the purpose of this study is to report this case of hypoplasia of the VA emphasizing some morphological, functional and clinical data about this rare vascular abnormality, in order to offer useful information to anatomists, radiologists, vascular and head and neck surgeons. Moreover, to our knowledge, this variation has not been cited in recent medical literature.