The purpose of this study was to analyze the esophageal morphology of Caiman latirostris using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The mucosae layer is composed of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells that occasionally form intra-epithelial glands. The goblet cells showed different affinity for the histochemical techniques. The lamina propria is composed of loose connective tissue with blood vessels. The smooth muscle fibers that compose the muscularis mucosa are thick and form a clear demarcation between the mucosa layer and adjacent submucosa. There are no glands in the esophageal submucosa. The muscle layer is composed a circular internal layer and a longitudinal external one. The adventitia layer is composed of loose connective tissue and blood vessels. The serotonin immunoreactive (IR) cells were not preferentially distributed in any region of the epithelium, ranging from the base of the intra-epithelial gland to the connection to the lumen. Somatostatina, glucagon and CCK IR cells were not detected.