The present study has analyzed thirty chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) brains, injected with latex, aiming to systematize and describe the distribution and the vascularization territories of the rostral cerebral artery. The rostral cerebral artery was the terminal branch of the terminal branch, right and left, of the basilar artery, projected from the emittion of the middle cerebral artery, rostromedially, crossing dorsally the optic nerve until it reaches the cerebral longitudinal fissure, ventrally. Its branches were distributed mostly on the paleopallium, supplying the olfactory trigone, the medial olfactory tract, the olfactory peduncle and the olfactory bulb. The branches to the neopallium vascularized the entire medial surface, except for the tenctorial part of it, the frontal pole and a zone that was extended from the frontal to the occipital poles, medially to the vallecula, on the convex surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The first collateral branch of the rostral cerebral artery was the medial branch, which entered into the longitudinal fissure of the brain and continued as rostral inter-hemispheric artery. The rostral cerebral artery continued rostrally emitting central branches and the medial and lateral arteries of the olfactory bulb, to the paleopallial region of the chinchilla brain. After the emittion of the medial artery of the olfactory bulb, the rostral cerebral artery continued to follow the cerebral longitudinal fissure, as internal ethmoidal artery, its terminal branch.