The objective of this investigation was to carry out a literature review on the choroid plexus cysts and their importance in fetal prognosis with search on PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and MEDLINE databases using keywords in English without time restrictions. Choroid plexus cysts, which are also termed intraventricular neuroepithelial cysts, choroid epithelial cysts or ependimary cysts, are structures localized within the interior of the lateral ventricles, comprising secretory epithelium, the principal function of which is the production of cerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasound images of the choroid plexuses within the lateral ventricles consist of hyperechogenic structures at the level of the body, trigon and inferior horn of the ventricles. Between the 16th and the 20th week of gestation, cystic structures in the interior of the ventricular plexuses may be observed at a rate of 0.3-1.0% in an ultrasound examination of the fetal head, as is shown. Most choroid plexus cysts regress spontaneously without after effects, although there is a possible association with chromosomal abnormalities, notably trisomy 18 (Edwards’ syndrome) and less frequently cited, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The presence of this kind of cyst is considered to be a lesser marker for them, except when combined with other more frequently used and accepted ecographic markers, such as nuchal translucency, intracardiac echogenic focus and others. Its isolated presence as the sole characteristic of this aneuploidy is rare. The majority of choroid cysts are transitory and of little clinical significance, and may be identified through a computerized tomography examination. As such, the existence of isolated choroid cysts does not indicate the confirmation of chromosomal aneuploidies so much as an alarm that should trigger an investigation in greater depth in search of other more important markers, emphasizing the importance of pre-natal monitoring.