The present study has analyzed thirty chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) brains, injected with latex, aiming to systematize and describe the distribution and the vascularization territories of the caudal cerebral artery. This artery was originated from the terminal branch of the basilar artery, being a single or a double vessel, and during the trajectory its main axis emitted, as collateral branches, branches to the piriform lobe, the caudal choroideal branch, continuing as caudal interhemispheric artery after the point it started to emit the medial caudal hemispheric branches. Other arteries were systematized, because they complemented the vascularization area of the caudal cerebral artery, as rostral tectal and rostral choroideal arteries, both being branches of the terminal branches of the basilar artery. The vascular territory of the caudal cerebral artery of the chinchilla comprehended the caudal third of the piriform lobe, the rostral colliculi, the pineal body, the medular stria, the habenula, the dorsal surface of the thalamus, the medial and lateral geniculate bodies, the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the choroidal plexus of the III ventricle and the lateral ventricle, the corpus callosum’s splenium, a territorial part of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and on the convex surface, the limitant border, bordering the transverse fissure of the brain.