Bovine papillomatosis is a common viral infection in Brazil that is caused by a bovine papillomavirus (BPV). Dissemination is by direct contact between infected animals, although the investigation of other modes of transmission is a very important aspect in the management of this condition. BPV DNA sequences have been detected in many tissues by using the polymerase chain reaction. In this work, we used in situ hybridization to detect BPV DNA sequences in bovine reproductive tissues and cells. The detection of BPV in these tissues strongly suggests that these sequences could be an important alternative of viral transmission that could contribute to the widespread incidence of bovine papillomatosis and its complex pathology. Alternatively, the viral sequences could result from cell apoptosis and may therefore not be directly involved in the infection.